Изучающее чтение (Detailed reading): полное и точное понимание текста

Прочитайте текст и выполните задание. In 1982 the Japanese government started a campaign to encourage people to spend more time in forests. It gave the activity a name: shinrin-yoku, which can be translated as 'forest bathing'. Despite the name, it has nothing to do with water. Forest bathing simply means walking slowly among trees and paying attention to what you see, hear and smell, without a phone, a map or a goal. At first the idea was mostly a way to attract visitors to the country's forests. Soon, however, researchers became interested in its effect on health. In a number of Japanese studies, volunteers spent some time either in a forest or in a city centre. After a walk among trees, many of them had lower levels of a stress hormone and a slower heart rate than after a similar walk in the city. They also said they felt calmer. Scientists are still discussing why this happens. Some believe that the quiet and the green colours help the brain to rest. Others point to natural substances that trees release into the air. According to many researchers, you do not need a long trip to the mountains: even a city park can help, as long as you walk slowly and leave your worries – and your screen – behind for a while. What was the main aim of the campaign at first?

1. Аto measure stress hormones in city workers
2. Бto attract visitors to the country's forests
3. Вto test a new medicine against stress
4. Гto build more parks in city centres

Прочитайте текст и выполните задание. If you have ever worn noise-cancelling headphones on a plane, you will know how strange the sudden quiet feels. The engines have not stopped, of course, so where has the noise gone? Sound travels through the air as a wave of changing pressure. Tiny microphones on the outside of the headphones pick up the noise around you, and an electronic chip analyses it in a fraction of a second. The headphones then produce a second sound wave that is an exact mirror image of the first: wherever the noise wave goes up, the new wave goes down. When the two waves meet, they cancel each other out, and your ear receives much less noise. This trick works best with steady, low sounds, such as the hum of an engine or an air conditioner. Sudden or high sounds, like a baby crying or a door slamming, change too quickly for the chip to follow, so you will still hear them, although more quietly. That is why many headphones also use soft cushions that simply block sound physically. The idea is older than many people think. A German scientist received a patent for the basic principle in the 1930s, but it took several decades before electronics became small enough to fit inside a pair of headphones. Which statements are TRUE according to the text? (выберите все верные варианты)

1. АThe basic principle was first patented in the 21st century.
2. БThe headphones produce a sound wave of their own.
3. ВA baby crying can still be heard in such headphones.
4. ГThe headphones make every sound completely silent.
5. ДMany headphones also use soft cushions to block sound.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задание. On the first Saturday of every month, the community hall in our town turns into a workshop. People arrive carrying broken toasters, lamps, bicycles and torn jackets, and volunteers try to repair them for free. This is our Repair Café, and after two years it has become one of the busiest events in town. The idea is not ours. The first Repair Café was organised in Amsterdam in 2009 by Martine Postma, who was worried about how many useful things people throw away. Today such meetings take place in dozens of countries. Our volunteers include a retired electrician, two engineering students and a woman who has been making clothes for forty years. They do not simply take an object away and bring it back fixed. Visitors sit next to them and watch, and often they are asked to hold a screwdriver themselves. 'I want people to leave with a working kettle and a little more confidence,' says the electrician, Peter Moss. Not everything can be saved. Last month about a third of the items could not be repaired, usually because spare parts were no longer produced. Still, the volunteers keep a notebook of every repair, and they are proud of the figures: since the café opened, more than six hundred objects have avoided the rubbish bin. Why could some items not be repaired last month?

1. АThey were too big to bring to the hall.
2. БThe volunteers did not have enough time.
3. ВTheir owners did not want to pay for the repair.
4. ГSpare parts for them were no longer made.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задание. On the first Saturday of every month, the community hall in our town turns into a workshop. People arrive carrying broken toasters, lamps, bicycles and torn jackets, and volunteers try to repair them for free. This is our Repair Café, and after two years it has become one of the busiest events in town. The idea is not ours. The first Repair Café was organised in Amsterdam in 2009 by Martine Postma, who was worried about how many useful things people throw away. Today such meetings take place in dozens of countries. Our volunteers include a retired electrician, two engineering students and a woman who has been making clothes for forty years. They do not simply take an object away and bring it back fixed. Visitors sit next to them and watch, and often they are asked to hold a screwdriver themselves. 'I want people to leave with a working kettle and a little more confidence,' says the electrician, Peter Moss. Not everything can be saved. Last month about a third of the items could not be repaired, usually because spare parts were no longer produced. Still, the volunteers keep a notebook of every repair, and they are proud of the figures: since the café opened, more than six hundred objects have avoided the rubbish bin. Which statements are TRUE according to the text? (выберите все верные варианты)

1. АVisitors do not pay for the repairs.
2. БVolunteers take broken objects home and return them later.
3. ВPeter Moss wants visitors to become more confident.
4. ГThe first Repair Café was organised in Amsterdam.
5. ДAll the items brought last month were repaired.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задание. In 1982 the Japanese government started a campaign to encourage people to spend more time in forests. It gave the activity a name: shinrin-yoku, which can be translated as 'forest bathing'. Despite the name, it has nothing to do with water. Forest bathing simply means walking slowly among trees and paying attention to what you see, hear and smell, without a phone, a map or a goal. At first the idea was mostly a way to attract visitors to the country's forests. Soon, however, researchers became interested in its effect on health. In a number of Japanese studies, volunteers spent some time either in a forest or in a city centre. After a walk among trees, many of them had lower levels of a stress hormone and a slower heart rate than after a similar walk in the city. They also said they felt calmer. Scientists are still discussing why this happens. Some believe that the quiet and the green colours help the brain to rest. Others point to natural substances that trees release into the air. According to many researchers, you do not need a long trip to the mountains: even a city park can help, as long as you walk slowly and leave your worries – and your screen – behind for a while. Which statements are TRUE according to the text? (выберите все верные варианты)

1. АVolunteers said they felt calmer after the walk among trees.
2. БAll scientists agree about why forest bathing works.
3. ВSome scientists link the effect to substances that trees release.
4. ГAfter a walk among trees, many volunteers had a slower heart rate.
5. ДThe name 'forest bathing' appeared in Japan in the 1980s.